Mark Whitfield
Public Health Institute
Public Health Institute
Public Health Institute
School of Biological and Environmental Sciences
Sport and Exercise Sciences
Sport and Exercise Sciences
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences
Sport and Exercise Sciences
Department of Computer Science
Department of Civil Engineering
Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement or ‘PPIE’ has become a wide-spread phenomenon in health and social care research. PPIE is considered the gold standard of research and is typically required by funding bodies (such as the NIHR) to access grant funding.